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The Weather Concepts Inventory Procedural or Higher Order ** ||  || **Distracters:**
 * **Topic Area** ||  || **Stem** || ** Declarative
 * D2** || **D3** || **D4** || **Iter:** || **Sta:** ||
 * **Clouds and Cloud Cover** || 1 || **What are clouds made of?**

"Clouds form when rising air cools to a point where it can no longer hold its water vapour. The vapour condenses in the form of tiny droplets." ||  D ||  Tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals   || Ozone and oxygen || Cotton and paper || Smoke and pollution || 1 || ||
 * || 2 || **What type of low level cloud is most likely at night, and becomes more likely as the night goes on?**

Fog forms when the air cools to a point at which water vapor in it begins to condense into tiny water droplets. ||  D ||  Fog   || Cirrus cloud || Rain cloud || Ozone (cloud) || 1 || ||
 * || 3 || What are the prefixes for low, middle and high altitude clouds? ||  D ||  Strato, alto and cirro   || Plato, mono and cummo || Alpha, delta and tango || Small, medium and large || 1 || ||
 * || 4 || **How do clouds stay up in the air?**

Clouds are made of water droplets and ice crystals. Together, these droplets and crystals weigh many tons. It doesn't it plummet to the ground because a cloud's weight is spread out over a very large area. Plus, the cloud's droplets and crystals are very small--about one micron, or one-hundred-thousandth of an inch across. A cloud's individual particles are so small, in fact, that warm air rising from the earth's surface is able to keep them floating in the air. ||  D ||  The sun heats the Earth's surface and the rising warm air keeps the clouds suspended in the air. || The sun heats the Earth's surface and the resulting wind keeps the clouds suspended in the air. || The sun heats the clouds in the sky directly and keeps them suspended || They have no mass and thus gravity does not affect them || 1 || ||
 * || 5 || **When do clouds move?**

Clouds are made up of very small water droplets. Clouds are moved along by wind, which is caused by a process of air cooling and heating. ||  D ||  When the wind blows them   || When we want them to || When we walk || Only after it rains || 1 || ||
 * || 6 || **Clouds form when:**

Clouds form when rising air, through expansion, cools to the point where some of the [|water vapor] molecules "clump together" faster than they are torn apart by their thermal energy. Some of that (invisible) water vapor condenses to form (visible) cloud droplets or ice crystals. ||  D ||  water vapor condenses on particles in the atmosphere. || air moves out to the ocean and fill up with water. || cold, heat, fog and snow combine. || water boils from the heat of the Sun. || 1 || ||
 * || 7 || **Clouds begin to form when water vapor reaches a certain:**

There must be three main ingredients present in order for clouds to form: ||  D ||  Temperature   || Dew Point || Altitude || Density || 1 || ||
 * Moisture - There must be sufficient **water vapor** in the air to build a cloud.
 * Cooling air - The air **temperature** must decrease enough for water vapor to condense.
 * Condensation nuclei - Tiny **particles**, invisible to the human eye, such as dust, dirt, and pollutants, provide surfaces on which water molecules can gather and condense into water droplets.
 * || 8 || **Why do cloudy nights tend to be warmer?**

The phrase "clouds act like a blanket" is used to describe warmer temperatures at night when [|clouds] are present as opposed to cooler temperatures on a clear night. Clouds absorb longwave radiation while also radiating longwave radiation to the surface. Thus, this extra longwave energy keeps cloudy nights warmer. Keep in mind this blanket trick is only good for the night. Clouds act more like a "heat shield" during the day. Although clouds continue to trap longwave radiation during the day, they also reflect visible and shortwave energy from the sun to space. Visible and shortwave wavelengths have more energy than longwave radiation. Cooling due to a reduction of visible and shortwave energy at the surface will more than outweigh the warming due to an increase of longwave energy during the day. Thus, cloudy days tend to be cooler than clear days, all else being equal. ||  D ||  Clouds act like a blanket to warm the planet   || Matter in clouds radiates more heat than clear air || The clouds come from people burning gasoline || They are not warmer || 1 || ||
 * || 9 || **During the day, the Earth is heated by the sun. If skies are cloudy, why do cooler temperatures occur?**

Clouds act more like a "heat shield" during the day. Although clouds continue to trap longwave radiation during the day, they also reflect visible and shortwave energy from the sun to space. Visible and shortwave wavelengths have more energy than longwave radiation. Cooling due to a reduction of visible and shortwave energy at the surface will more than outweigh the warming due to an increase of longwave energy during the day. Thus, cloudy days tend to be cooler than clear days, all else being equal. ||  D ||  Some of the sun's rays are reflected off the cloud droplets back into space. || None of the sun's rays are reflected off the cloud droplets back into space. || The sunlight comes in a more indirect path. || The sunlight comes in a more direct path. || 1 || ||
 * || 10 || **What are low-level clouds usually made up of?**

Mostly composed of liquid droplets...those higher can be composed of ice crystals ||  D ||  Liquid water droplets   || Fog and mist || C otton || Smog and pollution || 1 || ||
 * || 11 || Why are mountain tops often so cloudy? ||  P ||  As wind blows air up and across mountain slopes, the air cools as it rises, causing moisture to condense and clouds to form.   || As wind blows air up and across mountain slopes, the air heats as it rises, causing moisture to condense and clouds to form. || All clouds want to rise and some get stuck on the peaks of mountains || Clouds tend not to form on mountain tops as the wind is too strong for them to form there || 1 || ||
 * || 12 || **What happens when air close to the surface of the Earth is heated?**

Air, after it is warmed, rises—and the air close to the surface of the Earth is heated via light energy from the sun. The air near the surface then rises upward. ||  P ||  It rises   || It remains stationary || It condenses || It slows down || 1 || ||
 * **Atmosphere; Gas; Air Density; Pressure; Quality;** || 13 || **What is the earth surrounded by?** ||  D ||  The atmosphere   || The sun || The moon || People || 1 || ||
 * || 14 || **How does a difference in air pressure effect the strength of wind?**

Wind results from a horizontal difference in air pressure and since the sun heats different parts of the Earth differently, causing pressure differences, the Sun is the driving force for most winds. ||  P ||  The greater the difference in pressure, the stronger the wind. || The greater the difference in pressure, the weaker the wind. || Difference in pressure does not affect the strength of wind. || Air pressure needs to be the same for wind to form. || 1 || ||
 * || 15 || Molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere constantly bounce off each other and everything around them. The force exerted by the molecules is called: ||  D ||  Air pressure   || Temperature || Heat || Density || 1 || ||
 * || 16 || **What happens to the atmosphere as you get higher?**

We now understand that the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere effect temperature in complex ways. Eventually as you continue traveling outward through the atmosphere you will find that as you approach the tropopause the temperature will stop decreasing, and for several miles will remain constant. It will then actually begin to increase again, as you travel through the upper stratosphere. As you enter the mesosphere the temperature will once again begin to drop, getting cooler and cooler. Then as you travel up through the thermosphere the temperature again begins to increase, eventually becoming even warmer than the temperature on the surface of the Earth. Finally, as you continue to travel outward leaving the atmosphere via the exosphere the temperature drops again, becoming very cold. || P || It gets Thinner and colder || It gets Thinner and warmer || It gets Thicker and colder || It gets Thicker and warmer || 1 ||   ||
 * || 17 || **What measures air pressure?** ||  B ||  Barometer   || Thermometer || Hydrometer || Nanometer || 1 || ||
 * || 18 || **What happens to air molecules when the(ir) temperature increases?**

Air is made up of molecules that are constantly in motion. As air warms up, the molecules start to vibrate and bump into each other, increasing the space around each molecule. Because each molecule uses more space for motion, the air expands and becomes less dense (lighter). In other words, the same number of air molecules occupy a larger space or the same sized space with increased air pressure. ||  D ||  They move around faster and increase the air pressure. || They break apart into elements. || They move around slower and decrease the air pressure. || They do not change their motion. || 1 || ||
 * || 19 || **Why does a balloon get bigger when you blow into it?**

To blow a balloon up the intake air pressure must exceeds the elasticity strain energy of the balloon and the surrounding air pressure combined, the bigger the balloon gets the lesser the air pressure inside the balloon will becomes because it looses its elasticity when stretched and as you already know it can be difficult to inflate it with the initial blow, even for an adult. ||  P ||  The gas you blow into the balloon pushes out against the inside of the balloon walls. || Gas from the outside goes into the balloon and thus less gas can push on the outside of the balloon. || The moisture in your breath causes the balloon to expand. || The heat from your breath makes the balloon expand. || 1 || ||
 * || 20 || What does a barometer measure? ||  ||  A barometer measures the pressure of the air pushing on all sides of it.   || A barometer measures the pressure of the air pushing down on it. || A barometer measures the pressure of the air pushing up on it. || The barometer measures the temperature of the air. || 1 || ||
 * || 21 || **Which of the following statements is true about air?**

Not sure what i am asking here..if there is some space around the room and there is air in it then the air spreads out a leaves room for lots of other things. If you sqaushed the air molecules together then occupy only fraction of the space. ||  P ||  Air takes up space. || Air is not matter. || Air weighs nothing. || When air is heated more air is made. || 1 || ||
 * || 22 || **When the relative humidity reaches 100%:**

 Relative humidity is a term used to describe the amount of  ||   P ||  the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation. || the rate of evaporation is greater than the rate of condensation. || it is always raining. || it is never raining. || 1 || ||
 * || 23 || What is the name for the pressure exerted by the atmosphere? ||  D ||  Barometric pressure   || Hydrological pressure || Partial pressure || Relative pressure || 1 || ||
 * || 24 || **I****f Northern Canada has more daylight than the Equator in the summer, why is it not warmer up there?**

This is an indirect light path question. ||  P ||  The sun's angle is less direct in the north than at the equator. || Because Northern Canada is too far from the Sun compared to the Equator. || The snow reflects all the sun’s energy away so the land cannot get warm. || Since no humans live in that part of the planet, the temperature is not very warm. || 1 || ||
 * || 25 || **Why does a hit baseball travel farther at higher-altitude?**

 should this be reworded to reference ball parks at different elevations?)   ||   ||  Less dense air at higher altitudes have less molecules and thus less friction to slow down the baseball   || The baseballs at higher altitudes are smaller than at low altitudes. || Less dense air at higher altitudes have more molecules and thus more friction to slow down the baseball. || The baseball players at higher altitudes hit the ball harder than other players at low altitudes || 1 || || || Gravity increases. || The snow makes is hard to breath. || The wind blows the air away. || || || heit  || 18°Fahren heit || - 12°Fahren heit || 47°Fahren heit || || || (Water vapor) || Air || Heat || Oxygen and hydrogen || || ||
 * ||  || If a change in air pressure means a change in weather, what does a rise in air pressure usually mean? ||   ||  Drier weather is on the way.   || Wetter weather is on the way. || It is impossible to tell just from the air pressure. || Air pressure does not change weather. || || ||
 * ||  || With the same amount of gas, when the pressure is increased, what happens to the volume? ||   ||  It decreases   || It increases || It stays the same || It is impossible to tell || || ||
 * ||  || With the same amount of gas, when the temperature is increased, the volume: ||   ||  increases.   || d ecreases. || s tays the same. || i mpossible to tell. ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || Why does the air pressure decrease as you go higher? ||   ||  Pressure depends upon the amount of air above you.   || T he movement of the air molecules is faster the higher in the atmosphere thus less pressure. || Air is warmer as you increase altitude and warm air has less pressure. || Air is cooler as you increase altitude and cool air has less pressure. || || ||
 * ||  || Why does high pressure usually mean good weather? ||   ||  When the pressure is high at the surface, air descends and warms, which stops the formation of clouds.   || High pressure is not associated with good weather, low pressure is. || When the pressure is high at the surface, air rises and cools, which stops the formation of clouds. || We only are able to measure pressure when the weather is clear and sunny. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the gaseous form of water called? ||   ||  Water vapor   || Ice || S now || Rain || || ||
 * ||  || What two gases make up over 98% of the Earth's atmosphere? ||   ||  Nitrogen and oxygen   || Air and water vapour || Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide || Ozone and pollution || || ||
 * ||  || What is barometric pressure? ||   ||  Pressure of the air that is pressing in all directions.   || Pressure down from the weight of the atmosphere at the surface of the planet || Pressure up from the weight of the atmosphere at the surface of the planet || Measure of the suspended moisture in the air at sea level. || || ||
 * ||  || How is air pressure related to the weather? ||   ||  In general, falling air pressure means that clouds and precipitation are likely. Rising air pressure signals that clear weather is likely.   || In general, rising air pressure means that clouds and precipitation are likely. Falling air pressure signals that clear weather is likely. || Air pressure does not affect the weather. || We know that pressure affects the weather in some way but we have been unable to determine just what the affect is. || || ||
 * ||  || With the same amount of gas, when the pressure is decreased, what happens to the volume? ||   ||  Increases   || Decreases || Stays the same || Impossible to tell || || ||
 * ||  || What happens when air pressure become lower? ||   ||  Air is cooled, condenses and takes up less space.   || Air is warmed, expands and takes up more space. || It always rains. || The winds always increase. || || ||
 * ||  || Why does low pressure mean bad weather? ||   ||  As air raises it cools, the humidity in it begins to condense into tiny drops of water or ice. If there is enough water or ice, rain or snow begins to fall.   || As air raises it warms, the humidity in it begins to condense into tiny drops of water. If there is enough water or ice, rain or snow begins to fall. || Low pressure only means bad weather in the Northern Hemisphere. It is opposite in the Southern Hemisphere. || Low pressure does not mean bad weather. || || ||
 * ||  || As you move up (gain elevation) in the atmosphere, what happens to the air pressure? ||   ||  Goes down   || Goes up || Does not change || Gets colder || || ||
 * ||  || What is the atmosphere made up of? ||   ||  Small particles and gases   || Air || Many different gases || We do not yet know || || ||
 * ||  || What is the scientific term for the amount of water vapour in the air? ||   ||  Humidity   || Precipitation || Barometric pressure || Dew point || || ||
 * ||  || Air in the atmosphere exerts pressure because: ||   ||  air has mass.   || wind moves the air. || the sun warms it. || gravity is attracting it. || || ||
 * ||  || Why is water said to be 'sticky'? ||   ||  A water molecule has a positive charge a negative charge. Since opposite electrical charges attract, water molecules tend to attract.   || As it cools it forms ice and ice is a sticky substance || If you add sugar to water, the sugar dissolves in the water and it will become sweet to taste and sticky to touch || In hot weather your shirt will stick to your body from water in the atmosphere. || || ||
 * ||  || If you have two of the same balloons and fill balloon A with air and keep balloon B empty: ||   ||  Balloon B will be lighter.   || Balloon A will be lighter. || The balloons will weigh the same. || It is impossible to measure. || || ||
 * ||  || Why do your ears pop when you take off or land in an airplane? ||   ||  Your ears pop because they are adjusting to the change in air pressure.   || Your ears pop because of the loud noise from the engines. || Your ears pop because of the speed of the plane. || Your ears pop because of the moisture in the clouds. || || ||
 * ||  || What is humidity? ||   ||  The amount of water vapor in the air.   || The temperature of the air. || The probability of rain. || The amount of rain that fell today. || || ||
 * ||  || People find it hard to believe that humid air is lighter, or less dense, than dry air. How can air become lighter if we add water vapor to it? ||   ||  Water vapor in humid air replaces the air, and water vapor is lighter than air.   || Humid air is higher than dry air in the atmosphere so it is lighter. || Water vapor in humid air only stays for a moment and falls as precipitation, this it is lighter. || Humid air is actually heavier than dry air. || || ||
 * ||  || Air exerts force: ||   ||  Equally in all directions.   || Upwards. || Downwards. || It changes depending on if you are moving or stationary. || || ||
 * ||  || What process occurs when energy enters the Earth system primarily as solar radiation, and is captured by green plants? ||   ||  Photosynthesis   || Sublimation || Cellular Respiration || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || What is the humidity of the atmosphere at the dew point? ||   ||  100%   || 25% || 50% || 75% || || ||
 * ||  || What is the name for the mixture of gases that makes up the Earth’s atmosphere? ||   ||  Air   || Polluted || Oxygen || Breathable || || ||
 * ||  || What gas do green plants produce during photosynthesis? ||   ||  Oxygen   || Nitrogen || Ozone || Carbon dioxide || || ||
 * ||  || How does air pressure affect the temperature at which water boils? ||   ||  Water boils at lower temperatures at lower air pressures.   || Water boils at higher temperatures at higher air pressures. || Water boils at higher temperatures at lower air pressures. || Water boils at lower temperatures at higher air pressures. || || ||
 * ||  || Why does a person on top of a high mountain find it harder to breath? || ||  There is lower air pressure the higher you go.
 * ||  || What do all gases have in common? || || They have matter and take up space.  || They have no weight. || They have less weight than the material that created them. || The ability to expand and create more gas. || || ||
 * ||  || What happens when air pressure increases? || || Air cools, condenses and takes up less space.  || Air cools, expands and takes up less space. || Air cools, condenses and takes up more space. || Air cools, expands and takes up more space. || || ||
 * ||  || If you had two of the same balloons filled with the same amount (volume?) of air, Balloon A had hot air and Balloon B had cold air, which of the following would occur? ||   ||  Balloon A will be lighter.   || Balloon B will be lighter. || It is impossible to measure. || The balloons will weigh the same. || || ||
 * ||  || Where does oxygen come from? ||   ||  Green plants   || Humans || It was always here || Space || || ||
 * ||  || What is air made up of? ||   ||  Many different gases.   || Only oxygen. || Only oxygen and nitrogen. || We do not know. || || ||
 * ||  || In which layer of the atmosphere does all the weather happen? ||   ||  Troposphere   || Mesosphere || Thermosphere || Stratosphere || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to the air in a bicycle pump when you press down the handle? || || The air is compressed and pressure increases.  || The air is compressed and pressure decreases. || The air is expanded and pressure increases. || The air is expanded and pressure decreases. || || ||
 *  ||  || What happens if air pressure is increasing? ||  || Air is pulled down quickly by the lower pressure of surrounding air.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; color: red; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Air is pulled down slowly by the higher pressure of surrounding air.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Air is pulled down slowly by the lower pressure of surrounding air.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Air is pulled down quickly by the higher pressure of surrounding air.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  ||
 * ||  || When an empty cup is turned upside down and placed underwater in a tub, why does no water enter the cup? ||   ||  Air takes up the space   || Gravity || Water does not flow up || It will fill the cup || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to air pressure the higher you go above sea level? ||   ||  Decreases   || Increases || Stays the same || Cannot be measured || || ||
 * ||  || Why does cold air exert more pressure on the Earth’s surface than warm air? ||   ||  Cold air is denser than warm air   || Cold air is lighter than warm air || Cold air moves more than warm air || Cold air moves more than warm air || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to gas molecules when a balloon is squeezed (increasing the pressure) equally on all sides? ||   ||  The molecules get pushed closer together   || The molecules increase in number || The molecules spread further apart || The molecules combine to make bigger molecules || || ||
 * ||  || When a bike tire gets a hole in it, why does the air inside leak out? ||   ||  The air pressure inside the tire is higher than the air pressure outside.   || The pressure of the air inside the tire is lower than the air pressure outside. || The pressure is the same inside and outside the tire. || Gravity pulls the air out. || || ||
 * ||  || If you fill a cup with water, cover the lid with cardboard and put the cup upside down, why will the water not spill out? ||   ||  The pressure from the air pushing up is greater than the pressure from the water pushing down   || Gravity acts differently on the water and the cardboard || Rotational pressure will keep the water inside the cup || The water has disappeared thru evaporation. || || ||
 * ||  || Why do you not feel the air above and around you constantly pushing against your body? ||   ||  Air in your body pushes out to balance the pressure.   || The air does not have mass. || You are always moving. || The air is always moving. || || ||
 * ||  || If you put a balloon over an open bottle and set the bottle in ice and another balloon over another bottle and set it in boiling water<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">, what will happen to the balloons which balloon will expand? ||   ||  The balloon over the boiling water will expand.   || The balloon over the ice will expand. || Both balloons will expand. || Neither balloon will expand. || || ||
 * ||  || Why will a glass full of water, covered with a piece of cardboard and turned upside down, not spill? ||   ||  The air pressure pushing up is greater than the water pushing down.   || The teacher holds the cardboard in place. || The rotation of the glass holds the water in place. || The cardboard sticks to the glass. || || ||
 * ||  || Why will heating the air in a balloon expand the balloon, and cooling it will cause the balloon to shrink? ||   ||  As the air is heated, the molecules speed up, which means they push harder against their surroundings and the balloon expands.   || As the air is heated, the molecules slow down, which means they push harder against their surroundings and the balloon expands. || As the air is heated, the molecules slow down, which means they push harder against their surroundings and the balloon expands. || As the air is heated, the molecules speed up, which means they push less against their surroundings and the balloon expands. || || ||
 * **Precipitation** ||  || What is acid rain? ||   ||  Precipitation that is more acidic than ordinary rain or snow.   || Rain that falls from outer space. || A natural process that has nothing to do with humans. || Precipitation that is less acidic than ordinary rain or snow. || || ||
 * ||  || What is a rain shadow? ||   ||  An area that receives less rainfall compared to other nearby locations.   || An area that receives more rainfall compared to other nearby locations. || An area where both the sun and the rain are unable to reach. || An area where neither the sun nor the rain are able to reach. || || ||
 * ||  || What causes rain or snow? ||   ||  Tiny cloud drops or ice crystals join together and become heavy enough to fall.   || Moisture in the air reaches the dew point. || Moisture is brought into the area from other places. || Wind pressure on the clouds. || || ||
 * ||  || Just before a rainfall water is held in the clouds. What triggers it to fall? ||   ||  The water droplets get large enough and heavy enough for the downward force of gravity to overcome the upward resistance of updrafts.   || The water droplets get small enough and heavy enough for the downward force of gravity to overcome the upward resistance of updrafts. || The clouds produce holes large enough for the water to come out. || The wind gets strong enough to shake the water loose from the clouds. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the shape of an ordinary raindrop? ||   ||  Small ball   || Tear drop || Sugar cube || Pencil || || ||
 * ||  || How big can the biggest raindrop be? ||   ||  About 0.635 cm in diameter. Any bigger and it begins breaking into smaller drops.   || This depends on the clouds. The bigger the clouds the bigger the raindrops || This depends on the height they fall from. As they drop from the sky they collect other drops to get larger || About 5 cm in diameter. Any bigger, it begins breaking into smaller drops. || || ||
 * ||  || Which of the following is not a form of precipitation? ||   ||  Wind   || Rain || Sleet || Snow || || ||
 * ||  || Where does rain come from? ||   ||  Clouds   || Air || Mountains || Poles || || ||
 * ||  || Why does it only snow when the air is cold? ||   ||  Precipitation usually begins falling as snow. Since it is falling into cold air, the snow does not melt on the way down and reaches the ground as snow.   || Precipitation usually begins falling as rain but changes into snow on the way down and reaches the ground as snow. || Cold air is not important for the formation of snow. || Snow only falls in the extreme northern and southern latitudes and has nothing to do with cold air. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the name for a collection of small particles in the atmosphere as a result of water condensation? ||   ||  Cloud   || Rain || Hurricane || Climate || || ||
 * ||  || What is water or ice called when it is too large to be suspended in clouds? ||   ||  Precipitation   || Hail || Snow || Rain || || ||
 * ||  || When does rain fall? ||   ||  When water droplets are too heavy to stay in the clouds.   || When humans need it. || When clouds collide and get scrambled. || When Clouds become too heavy. || || ||
 * ||  || Which of these is needed to make a blizzard (not the kind from Dairy Queen)? ||   ||  All (of the above)   || Cold air below freezing || Moisture to form clouds || Warm rising air || || ||
 * ||  || Why does it sometimes snow instead of rain? ||   ||  Most precipitation begins as snow. If the falling snow passes through warmer air, it melts and changes to rain before reaching the ground.   || Most precipitation begins as rain. If the falling rain passes through colder air, it freezes and changes to snow before reaching the ground. || Rain will only fall when the temperature between the clouds and the ground is all above freezing. || Snow only falls in December. || || ||
 * **Measurements** ||  || If the temperature in your house increases by 1°Celsius or 1° Fahrenheit, which is greater? ||   ||  Celsius   || Fahrenheit || Both are equal || It depends on current temperature || || ||
 * ||  || If you drop a ball from the top of your school and at the same time drop the same type of ball from the top of the CN tower, how will the ball from the top of the CN tower fall? ||   ||  at the same velocity (acceleration)   || faster || slower || fall and then float || || ||
 * ||  || On weather maps, areas of equal pressure are connected by lines called? ||   ||  Isobars   || Pressure lines || Continuation lines || Topography || || ||
 * ||  || What is the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance called? ||   ||  Temperature   || Mass || Dew point || Potential energy || || ||
 * ||  || Why are official temperatures recorded in the shade? ||   ||  Sunlight hitting a thermometer warms up the thermometer itself and would give you an inaccurate reading of the atmospheric temperature.   || The sun is only in the sky for half the day and we need to measure temperature all day. || Scientists were afraid of the sun and did not want to get sunburned in the past. || The first official thermometer was in the shade and since then this is how we always do it. || || ||
 * ||  || When a storm is approaching your school what will a barometer show? ||   ||  A decrease in air pressure   || An increase in air pressure || No change in air pressure || Barometers do not measure pressure || || ||
 * ||  || Why do astronauts float around inside their spacecraft when they are in space? ||   ||  Because the astronauts are free falling towards the earth.   || Because the astronauts are moving so fast. || Because the astronauts are no longer experiencing gravity. || Because the astronauts are no longer in the atmosphere. || || ||
 * ||  || If you look outside to see snow falling, what temperature do you think it might be? ||   ||  0 ° Celsius   || 20 ° Celsius || 10 ° Celsius || –40 ° Celsius || || ||
 * ||  || If you drop a 5 kg and 10 kg weight from the top of your school at the same time, which will hit the ground first? ||   ||  They will hit the ground at the same time   || The 5 kg weight || It is impossible to tell || The 10 kg weight || || ||
 * ||  || If you were to take the temperature, with the same thermometer, at 3 different places in the classroom? || || T he temperature would be the same at each location.  || The temperature would be greatest near the front of the room. || The temperature would be different all over the classroom. || The readings would not be accurate. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the temperature range if the weather forecast is a high of 10°C and low of 2°C? ||   ||  10°C   || 2°C || 8°C || 12°C || || ||
 * ||  || 30°Celsius would be the same as what __°Fahrenheit? ||   ||  86°Fahren
 * ||  || Which of these is not a typical scale of temperature? ||   ||  Watts   || Celsius || Fahrenheit || Kelvin || || ||
 * ||  || Why does the liquid in a thermometer rise when the temperature rises? ||   ||  Heat causes a liquid to expand or take up more space.   || Sun on the liquid makes it move higher. || Capillary action. || Heat causes a liquid to condense or take up more space. || || ||
 * ||  || What do the H and L symbols on a weather map mean? ||   ||  High and low pressure areas   || Humidity and latitude measures || Short and long range forecasts || Hail and lightning warnings || || ||
 * ||  || If the weather all over the world is caused by the same basic ingredients, why is it different in different places? ||   ||  All (of the above)   || Location compared to large bodies of water || Latitude and longitude || Global and ocean currents || || ||
 * **Storms** ||  || What is needed for a planet to have weather? ||   ||  Air, heat and water   || Human activity || Tilt of the planet on its axis || Land, sea and mountains || || ||
 * ||  || Which way does the wind blow in the Northern Hemisphere? ||   ||  From high to low pressure areas   || From low to high pressure areas || From North to South || With no pattern || || ||
 * ||  || When is a storm considered a thunderstorm? ||   ||  There is thunder and lightning.   || There are strong winds and rainfall of more than 5 cm. || Light wind and rainfall of less than 5 cm. || When humans are caught in it. || || ||
 * ||  || Where I live, what direction does the wind always blow from? ||   ||  From different directions   || From the North || From above || From the West || || ||
 * ||  || What causes winds on the Earth? ||   ||  Uneven heating of the Earth’s surface.   || The unequal energy coming from the Sun. || Speed of the Earth’s rotation. || Speed of the Earth’s revolution. || || ||
 * ||  || According to the Beaufort Wind Scale, what would a Beaufort Force of 10 indicate? ||   ||  A storm   || A light breeze || A strong breeze || No wind || || ||
 * ||  || What causes winds? ||   ||  Uneven heating of the Earth’s surface   || Clouds and rain || Cold temperatures in the atmosphere || The orbit of the Earth || || ||
 * ||  || Why does most of the weather in North America move from west to east? ||   ||  Prevailing winds are westerly.   || Prevailing winds are easterly. || Prevailing winds are northerly. || Prevailing winds are southerly. || || ||
 * ||  || Winds always blow: ||   ||  from low to high pressure.   || from high to low pressure. || From places of colder temperature to warmer temperature || From places of warmer temperature to colder temperature || || ||
 * ||  || Why does the heating of air create winds? ||   ||  Heated air expands, rises and causes cool air to move in to replace it.   || Heated air contracts, lowers and causes cool air to move in to replace it. || <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Because heating causes more movement of the air and from this winds are created  <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Because heating causes less movement of the air and from this winds are created  <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  || <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  ||
 * ||  || What direction does a weather vane point? ||   ||  Towards the wind   || Away from the wind || Upward || Downward || || ||
 * ||  || What are the 3 (three) basic things that make up the weather? || || Air, water, heat  || Sun, earth, moon || Sun, earth, moon || Plants, animals, atmosphere || || ||
 * <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Why does the Coriolis effect make wind follow a curved path? || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Earth rotates under air flowing from high to low pressure.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Earth rotates under air flowing from low to high pressure.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">The tilt of the Earth’ axis causes the curved path.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">Wind does not curve, the planet is curved.  <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  || <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">  ||
 * ||  || If the weather all over the world is caused by the same basic ingredients, why is it different in different places? || ||  All (of the above)  ||  Location compared to large bodies of water  ||  Location compared to large bodies of water  ||  Global and ocean currents  ||   ||   ||
 * **Temperature, Greenhouse Effect and Seasons<span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96)"> ** ||  || South America is closer to the Sun during its summer. Does South America have a warmer summer than North America? ||   ||  No. The Southern Hemisphere is closer to the sun during its summer. But the Southern Hemisphere has less land and more ocean than the Northern Hemisphere and temperatures warm up as quickly.   || No. South America is not closer to the Sun in its summer; the Earth’s orbit is uniform around the Sun. || Yes. The Southern Hemisphere is closer to the sun during its summer and the summers are warmer than those in the Northern hemisphere. || Sometimes. It changes from year to year depending upon the influence of local weather and El Nina. || || ||
 * ||  || What direction is the Northern Hemisphere tilted in summer? ||   ||  Towards the Sun   || Away from the Sun || It is not tilted at all || Reversed on its axis || || ||
 * ||  || What are the seasons on Earth caused by? ||   ||  The Earth’s tilt on its axis.   || The Earth’s distance from the sun. || Different temperatures on the Sun. || The speed of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. || || ||
 * ||  || How can winter weather be predicted ahead of time? ||   ||  A variety of factors in the atmosphere.   || The groundhog's shadow. || The thickness of fur on some animals. || By how hot it was last summer. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the measure for the movement of air molecules called? ||   ||  Temperature   || Gravity || Cloud cover || Wind speed || || ||
 * ||  || What is the "white stuff" that we breathe out on cold mornings? || || W ater that turns to vapor when it contacts cold air.  || Snow in the air. || Dust that we have in our lungs. || T oothpaste left over after we have brushed our teeth. ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || Why does it get hotter inside a greenhouse than outside? ||   ||  Convection is reduced   || The plants inside release heat || Because there is no wind || Absorption of the sunlight by the glass || || ||
 * ||  || With the same amount of gas, when the temperature is decreased, what happens to the volume? ||   ||  Decreases   || Increases || Stays the same || Impossible to tell || || ||
 * ||  || What does the term "summer solstice" mean if you are living in Canada? || || In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year (near June 22) when the [|Sun] is farthest north || In the northern hemisphere, the shortest day of the year (near Dec 22) when the [|Sun] is farthest north || In the southern hemisphere, the longest day of the year (near June 22) when the [|Sun] is farthest north || In the southern hemisphere, the shortest day of the year (near Dec 22) when the [|Sun] is farthest north ||   ||   ||
 * ||  || What is the greenhouse effect? ||   ||  Trapping of heat radiation from the sun   || The same thing as global warming || Something which makes the Earth’s surface warmer || Something that acts like a blanket around the Earth || || ||
 * ||  || Why does the mercury inside a thermometer not expand as much in colder air as it does in warmer air? ||   ||  The energy from cold air molecules is less than the energy from warmer air.   || The energy from warm air molecules is more than the energy from cold air. || There is no sun on colder days so the thermometer does not get as high. || The air is not as dense on colder days so there are less air molecules to collide with the thermometer. || || ||
 * ||  || What does a "wind chill of 18 degrees" mean? || || A combination of temperature and wind on humans or animals will make it feel like the temperature is 18 degrees.  || That a chilled object is cooled to 18 degrees. || That if you stay outside for 18 minutes it will feel like it is 18 degrees. || That you must subtract 18 degrees from the current temperature to see what the real temperature is. || || ||
 * ||  || The seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are always: ||   ||  Opposite each other.   || The same. || I mpossible to tell. || Seasons do not depend on hemispheres. || || ||
 * ||  || What is the greenhouse effect? ||   ||  It is needed so life can exist on Earth.   || It is a bad thing for life on the planet. || It is only temporary. || It is caused by human activity. || || ||
 * ||  || What is caused by the tilt of the Earth as it orbits the sun? ||   ||  The seasons   || The greenhouse effect || Global warming || The moon cycle || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to energy coming from the sun to the earth? ||   ||  All of the above.   || It is absorbed or redirected by clouds. || Absorbed by land and water surfaces. || Bounced back off Earth’s surface. || || ||
 * **Phase Changes of Water** ||  || Since rain often comes from water that evaporated from the sea, why isn't rain salty? ||   ||  When water evaporates it leaves all of the salts behind in the water.   || The salts stay in the clouds when it rains. || The salts are so small that we cannot taste them in the rain. || Salts only fall as hail and sleet, not as rain or snow. || || ||
 * ||  || When water freezes, molecules: ||   ||  vibrate less.   || become colder. || become warmer. || vibrate more. || || ||
 * ||  || When a pot boils there are large bubbles in the water. What are the bubbles made of? ||   ||  Steam
 * ||  || What is vapor that rises from boiling water made of? ||   ||  Water   || Smoke || Air || Hydrogen and oxygen || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to the movement of molecules in solids, liquids and gases when they are heated? ||   ||  They move faster.   || T hey move slower. || They do not change speed. || It depends on the material || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when water changes phase from a liquid (water) to a gas (water vapor)? ||   ||  Evaporation   || Freezing || Melting || Condensation || || ||
 * ||  || What is the term used when liquid water becomes a gas (turns into water vapor)? ||   ||  Evaporation   || Transpiration || Condensation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || Why does water contract (get smaller) when it freezes? ||   ||  It does not contract (get smaller)   || Because the gravity between the molecules pulls them together || Because the molecules in the water move less || Because the molecules in the water move more || || ||
 * ||  || Why does ice float in liquid water? ||   ||  The water expands when it freezes and becomes less dense than water.   || Ice only floats until it reaches a specific weight then it sinks. || The water gets filled with helium when it freezes. || Less movement in the molecules of ice makes ice lighter than water. || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when liquid water changes into water vapor? ||   ||  Evaporation   || Transpiration || Condensation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || Which answer has the average movement of molecules in order from fastest to slowest? ||   ||  Gas, liquid, solid   || Solid, liquid, gas || Liquid, gas, solid || They are all the same || || ||
 * ||  || Most of the water that evaporates during the water cycle comes from: ||   ||  oceans.   || space. || people. || land. || || ||
 * ||  || If water is sprayed on the chalkboard and timed to see how long it takes to dry, what is the word for what happens to the water? ||   ||  Evaporation   || Condensation || Sublimation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || When an index card is held over an electric kettle full of boiling water, where must it be placed to become wet? ||   ||  Directly over the opening   || At the side of the kettle || Underneath || It will not get wet || || ||
 * ||  || When water is a gas (vapor), the molecules are: ||   ||  free to move about.   || bound tightly and unable to move. || moving less than the molecules in water. || no longer water. || || ||
 * ||  || Why does water evaporate from a glass left out in the classroom? ||   ||  At the surface, some of the water molecules are moving fast enough and in the right direction to escape into the air.   || The molecules leak out the side of the glass || The sun shines on the glass and some of the water escapes || Insects in the air drink the water || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when water changes from liquid in the ocean to vapour in the atmosphere? ||   ||  Evaporation   || Precipitation || Condensation || Sublimation || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when water vapour changes to rain or snow and falls upon the Earth? ||   ||  Precipitation   || Sublimation || Condensation || Evaporation || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when water vapour changes to rain or snow and falls upon the Earth? ||   ||  Precipitation   || Sublimation || Condensation || Evaporation || || ||
 * ||  || Why does ice form on the surface of water when it freezes? ||   ||  Water condenses as it freezes into ice and floats to the top.   || When water cools below 39 degrees Fahrenheit, it becomes lighter and less dense. || Because it is cooler on top of the water than below therefore the top freezes first. || Water freezes from the bottom on the lake up to the surface. || || ||
 * ||  || Why does water appear on the outside of a cold drink can on a warm day? ||   ||  Water from the air condenses on the can.   || The drink leaks out through the can. || The metal of the can creates water. || Water from your hand and skin gets on the can. || || ||
 * ||  || When energy is added to matter the atoms and molecules: ||   ||  move faster.   || move slower. || do not change speed. || it depends on the material. || || ||
 * ||  || Which process is not involved with the water cycle? ||   ||  Sublimation   || Evaporation || Condensation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || What is it called when water changes from vapour to liquid? ||   ||  Condensation   || Transpiration || Evaporation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || If a wet saucer is left out, after a while it will be dry. What happens to the water on the saucer that does not drip on the table? ||   ||  It goes into the air as very small bits of water vapor.   || It goes into the saucer. || It dries up and no longer exists as anything. || It changes into oxygen and hydrogen in the air. || || ||
 * ||  || If a wet saucer is left out, after a while it will be dry. What happens to the water on the saucer that does not drip on the table? ||   ||  It goes into the air as very small bits of water vapor.   || It goes into the saucer. || It dries up and no longer exists as anything. || It changes into oxygen and hydrogen in the air. || || ||
 * ||  || The bubbles in a boiling pot of water on the stove are made of: ||   ||  Water vapor   || Hydrogen and oxygen || Heat || Air || || ||
 * ||  || If you poured 50 ml of water into a test tube and 50 ml of water onto a plate and left them both in the classroom, why would the water from the plate evaporate faster? ||   ||  The water in the plate has a larger surface area exposed to the air.   || The water in the test tube has a larger surface area exposed to the air. || The water in the plate would be warmer. || The water in the test tube would be warmer. || || ||
 * ||  || A cookie sheet with ice cubes on it is placed over a boiling kettle. Which word indicates what is happening when water falls from the bottom of the sheet? ||   ||  Condensation   || Evaporation || S ublimation || Precipitation || || ||
 * ||  || What happens to air close to the surface of the Earth when it is cooled? ||   ||  Rises   || Remains stationary || Condenses || Is moved by the wind || || ||
 * ||  || What is the ozone hole? ||   ||  A place in the atmosphere where there is less ozone.   || A hole in the sky. || A natural cycle in the weather. || A hole in the sky from solar radiation. || || ||


 * ||  || Which of the following is not a reason why air is lifted? ||   || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">? || Widespread ascent i.e. up a warm/cold front || Encountering orographic barriers - mountains and hills || Convection - when air is heated at low levels by contact with sun warmed ground - creating rising bubbles of air i.e. thermals. ||   ||   ||